BarkleyÕs
4 types of executive function:
3. Self-Regulation of Affect, Motivation and Arousal, in which ADHD children
are missing the mentally represented forms of information that
typically serve as Òthe drive in absence of external reward that fuels the
individualÕs persistence in cross-temporal behaviors and thereby bridges
the delay to the future reinforcerÓ (Barkley, 1999, p. 309). This results in a lesser ability for ADHD children to create positive emotional
states through self-talk and imagery in the face of frustrating or
disappointing events. Since the internalization of emotional processing is
delayed, outward or public expressions are manifest in ADHD children.
4. Reconstitution,
in which the recombining of informational
units of behavior is deficient in ADHD children, leading to difficulties with
the syntactical relations involved in temporal sequencing, e.g., if-then
relationships.