BarkleyÕs
4 types of executive function:
1. Nonverbal Working Memory,
in which ADHD children have difficulty holding
on to current unspoken information. This leads to difficulty
carrying information forward from the past to the future, resulting
in diminished hindsight, foresight, self-awareness and poor planning.
2. Internalization of Speech (verbal working memory), in which children who
are older than pre-school age (who would normally use self-speech for
self-regulation) are less able to so. This leads to a reduction in the
ability to use information from task failures to
inform future performance and diminishes problem-solving abilities.